What Gives: Depression & Menopause

There are certain times in life when people are more vulnerable to harmful habits or mental health challenges—what researchers call windows of vulnerability. One such window is depression in menopause. An NIH article addresses contributing factors including hormonal fluctuations (notably in estrogen and progesterone), past episodes of depression, and increased stress. 

Some women are particularly sensitive to hormonal changes, such as those seen in Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) or its more severe counterpart, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). PMS typically occurs a few days before menstruation and may involve physical, emotional, or behavioral symptoms. PMDD, lasting up to two weeks before menstruation, includes severe mood symptoms like depression, irritability, and anger. Women with a history of PMDD or PMS-related depression may be more likely to experience depression during menopause.

Stressors unique to menopause—such as hot flashes that can lead to sleep disruption, cognitive changes, weight gain, and mood swings—can also contribute to depression.

Depression isn’t just “feeling down”—it’s often linked to chemical changes in the brain. The good news? You're not stuck with it. Talk to your health care professional or mental health therapist. Hormone replacement therapy might help, or you may find relief through medication, therapy, or a combination of approaches.

And don’t underestimate small lifestyle shifts: get outside in the morning for some sunlight, move your body (even a short walk can boost endorphins), listen to music that lifts your mood, or simply talk to someone you trust. You're not alone, and support is out there.

Kelly Rigo is the creative force behind Menopause Evolution.